Cell Analogy Project

    Trick or Treat

You will start working on the cell analogy project.  You will work in groups of two to compare the activities of the organelles of the cell to a factory, a city, or any other organization.  Choose something you know. 

For your project you will describe the function of the first 14 organelles and then describe the comparison and state why the function of the analogy is similar to the organelle. 

Draw pictures of the analogy.

Include the organelles discussed in class yesterday excepting the cell wall, the chloroplast.

The grade for this assignment will be included as a project grade. 

Functions of the Organelles

You will learn about the functions of the organelles of eukaryotic cells.
The organelles that will be covered are:
1) Nucleus
2) nucleolus ( the center of the nucleus)
3) Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)
4) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)
5) Golgi Apparatus
6) Ribosomes
7)Vesicle
8) Mitochondrion
9) Lysosomes
10) Cytoskeleton
11) Peroxisomes
12) Vacuole
13) Plasma membrane
14) cytoplasm
and the following organelles not found in animal cells
15) chloroplast
16) cell wall.

(The centriole was not included.  This organelle will be covered during the unit on mitosis.)

Using a Compound Light Microscope (continued)

You will continue with the lab.  At the end you will test your knowledge of the information learnt by answering the analysis questions at the end of your packet.

Using a Compound Light Microscope

You will work in groups of two as you work through the packet to learn how to use the compound light microscope.

Notes from the PowerPoint

You will take notes on the types of Microscopes and on cells.

Introduction to the Cell

You will take notes on the cell and be introduced to the invention of the compound light microscope and the electron microscopes

The Cell Cycle:
1) All living things are made up of one or more cells
2) Nothing less than a cell can exhibit the criteria of life
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.

A Tour of the Cell

You will draw and label the animal cell.

The Animal Cell

Macromolecule Test

Multiple choice test.

Macromolecule Comparison Table

You will use the table as a study guide for the test on Monday.

Nutrient Test Lab

You will work in groups of 4 to test for nutrients in food items assigned to your table. The nutrients you will be testing for are:
1) fats and oil
2) starch
3) proteins
4) sugars; glucose and sucrose.

Have fun!!!!!!!!!!!

Class Assignment

You will be prepared for the lab tomorrow by going over the material and equipment to be used.

Next you will create a chart to review the macromolecules and their monomers.  If you have not already done so, you will turn in your vocabulary word and notes for credit.

Remember too the test will be on Monday, October 22, 2018.  The study guide  is on PLHS webpage.  Click on the link to view.

Home work assignment is due tomorrow, Thursday 18, 2018.  Click on PLHS home work page to view.

Proteins and Nucleic Acids

You will take notes from the PowerPoint on the importance of protein. You will be introduced to nucleic acids.  However, details on the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA will be covered in details during the unit on Genetics.

Nucleic Acid

If the proteins are the building materials of life, then nucleic acids are the blueprint.  The DNA has the instructions and directs the RNA in functioning of cells and the synthesis of proteins

 

Lipids and Proteins

You will take notes from the PowerPoint.

 You will learn about the properties, examples, and the functions of lipids.
In addition you will learn about some of the negative consequences of using anabolic steroids. 

Proteins

It is only in the nature of the variant (R) that amino acids differ from one another.  There are only about twenty amino acids that occur in the proteins of living organisms, although there are more than 2000 natural and artificially made amino acids.

There are ten essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be included in the diet.

PowerPoint Presentation

You will take notes to cover the details of the macromolecules.

Isomers: glucose and fructose





High Fructose Corn Syrup Explained:


 

Intorduction to Macromolecules continued( Proteins)

You will take notes on Proteins and the monomers.

 Proteins are made of the monomers amino acids.  Proteins account for more than 50 % of the dry weight of most cells and are instrumental in almost everything.  All proteins are made of 20 kinds of amino acids

Below is a review of the information shared in class:

Listed are the 4 macromolecules and their monomers
1) Carbohydrates ( Polysaccharides)  - monomers glucose
2) Proteins - monomers  amino acids
3) Lipids -  monomers fatty acids and glycerol
4) Nucleic acids - monomers nucleotides.

Introduction to the Macromolecules

You will take notes on additional properties of carbon.  Then you will be introduced to the macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats/Lipids and Nucleic acids.

You will take notes on the first of the four macromolecules: Carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates (polysaccharides) - monomers glucose.

 Starch, glycogen and cellulose are also examples of polysaccharides.  Excess glucose is stored in plants as starch, and in animal tissue as glycogen.  The cell wall of plants called cellulose are made of glucose.

The Molecules of Cells ( Life Substances)

Start of a New Chapter

The class will be spent discussing carbon chemistry.
Unlike compounds formed from other elements, carbon compounds are far more numerous and varied.  There are several million carbon compounds known and several hundred thousands are synthesized each year.

The most common elements found with carbon are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and the halogens.

Straight Chain hydrocarbon



Branched hydrocarbon
 

Multiple Choice Test - The Chemistry of Life

Forces of Nature - Elements

You will turn in your vocabulary words and notes on The Chemistry of Life.

Also, you will take notes on the video: Forces of Nature- Elements.  The Video is a BBC production with PBS co-produced by France Televisions.

The test for The Chemistry of Life will be on Monday, October 8, 2018.

Acid, Bases, and pH

You will take notes on the pH scale.

In aqueous solutions, most of the water molecules are intact. However, some of the water molecules actually break apart into (H ions) and (OH ions ). A balance of these two highly reactive ions is critical for the proper functioning of chemical processes within organisms.

A chemical compound that releases hydrogen ions is called an acid.  One example of a strong acid is hydrochloric acid ( HCl).

A base also known as an alkali is a compound that accepts hydrogen ions and removes them from solution.  Some bases release hydroxide ions which combines with hydrogen ions to form water.

Each pH unit represents a ten fold change in the concentration of 

hydrogen ions.

Buffers: Biological fluids contain buffers, substances that minimize changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions when the ion is in excess, and donating hydrogen ions when it is depleted.

The human blood must be maintained at a pH of 7.35.  Below a pH 6.8 or above a pH of 7.8 can be fatal.  The carbonic acid - bicarbonate buffer system works to maintain the pH of the blood by contributing hydrogen ion or hydroxide ions when needed.

Water Properties Lab

You will work in groups of 4 to examine the properties of water.

Water: The Miracle Solvent

You will take notes on the properties of water and examine the importance of water.
Properties of Water: 
 Irregularity of the density of water. The highest density of water occurs when the molecules are packed tightly together.  The crystal arrangement of ice has a lot of space incorporated in it. There are fewer molecules of water per volume in ice, than there are in water.